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 These links show buckets used for a variety of purposes. It does not include situlas (buckets made to contain holy water) or washtubs. See the Portable Antiquities Scheme Finds Database for several finds relating to English buckets, especially iron hardware. 
 
Bucket from the Villa Boscoreale at Pompeii, 79 ADBucket (oak staves with iron hoops) from the Roman fort at Newstead, c. 140-180Wood and iron fragments from a bucket from Flanders, 2nd-5th centuryBronze fragments from a bucket c. 401-775Bronze attachments from a bucket c. 401-775The Breamore Byzantine bucket made in Antioch in the 6th centuryBucket (yew wood with iron binding) from the Sutton Hoo ship-burial, c. 625Corpus of Anglo-Saxon BucketsTwo buckets from the Oseberg ship (detail), c. 834Copper-alloy bucket made in Egypt in the 11th centuryBronze pail, made in Italy in the 12th centuryBucket with a Kufic frieze, 12th centuryMedieval bucket (oak staves with iron handle) from Castell y Bere, Llanfihangel-y-Pennant, 13th centuryA woman pointing to a bucket,  	Libri Naturales (British Library Harley 3487, fol. 211v), 3rd quarter of the 13th centuryMedieval noggin (I'd call it a piggin), found in the bog at Faill Mor in Co KerryMen at a well, Digestium vetus (Canon. Misc. 493, fol. 153r), beginning of the 14th centuryMilkmaids at a sheep pen, The Luttrell Psalter (British Library MS Add. 42130, fol. 163v), c. 1325-1335Detail from The Crucifixion at Kloster Neuburg, c. 1330-1331A well in an enclosed garden (fol. 6r) Rebecca and Eleazar at the well (fol. 10r), Daniel in the lion's den (fol. 31r), Thamrys kills Cyrus (fol. 33r), construction of the Tower of Babel (fol. 36v), Elijah increases the widow's oil (fol. 37r), Speculum humanae salvationis (ÖNB 2612), c. 1330-1340Elijah and the widow of Sarepta (fol. 46v) and Christ and the Samaritan (fol. 54v), Concordantiae caritatis (Lilienfeld Stiftsbibliothek 151), c. 1349-1351Construction of the Tower of Babel, Chronicles of Heinrich von München (ÖNB 2768, fol. 44v), c. 1375-1400)Ewe's milk (fol. 56v), fermented milk (fol. 57), various meats (fol. 65), rain (fol. 95v), spring-water (fol. 96), Tacuinum Sanitatis (BNF NAL 1673), c. 1390-1400Bath-maid, an astronomical text (ÖNB 2352, fol. 34v), c. 1392-1394Bath-maid (ÖNB 2789, fol. 1r), c. 1395-1400Bath-maids in details at left and right, commentaries on Ptolemy (ÖNB 2271, fol. 1r), c. 1395-1405Fermented milk (fol. 57v), pork (fol. 72v), brains (fol. 75), and verjuice (fol. 83),Tacuinum Sanitatis (BNF Latin 9333), 15th centuryA well in April, and grape-harvesters in October, frescoes at the Castello Buonconsiglio, c. 1405-1410A man carries two buckets with a yoke, Grandes Heures of Jean de Berry (BNF Latin 919, fol. 25), 1409Rebecca and Eleazar at the well (fol. 9r) and the Ark of the Covenant (fol. 10v), Speculum humanae salvationis (BNE B. 19 (Vit 25-7)), c. 1420-1440Christ and the Samaritan (fol. 21r) and Mary with the Arma Christi (fol. 75v), The Life of Christ (ÖNB 485), c. 1425-1435Several examples in the Mendel Hausbuch, especially
Albrecht Pütner (c. 1425) and 
Hanns Gebenpach (1485)Calandrino and Niccolosa, Decameron (BNF Fr. 239, fol. 253v), second quarter of the 15th centuryA marital argument, Der Renner (ÖNB 3086, fol. 87r), 1426Detail from The Birth of Mary, c. 1438-1440Detail from The Death of Mary, c. 1438-1440Daniel is fed by Habakkuk, a fresco from St. Daniel am Kiechelberg, c. 1444-1448Pyrrhos kills Polyxena, The Trojan War (ÖNB 2773, fol. 212v), c. 1445-1450Rebecca and Eleazar at the well (fol. 18r) and construction (fol. 110v), Speculum humanae salvationis (ÖNB 12823), c. 1445-1455St. Florian on fols. 134r and 269v of the Prayerbook of Barbara von Cilly (ÖNB 1767, fol. 134r), 1448The fire at Tarse, History of Alexander the Great (BNF Fr. 47, fol. 44v), second half of the 15th centuryConstruction of the Temple, Fleur des histoires (BNF Fr. 55, fol. 70), second half of the 15th centuryThe servant of St. Honorat at the fountain (fol. 10) and the miracle of the fish of St. Honorat (fol. 10), Fleur des histoires (BNF Fr. 58), second half of the 15th centurySt. Florian, the prayerbook of Albrecht VI (ÖNB 1846, fol. 37v), c. 1455-1463St. Florian from the altarpiece at St. Johann in Ahrn, c. 1455-1465St. Florian by Hans Multscher, c. 1456-1458Miracle of St. Gregory of Tours, Speculum historiale (BNF Fr. 51, fol. 450v), 1463A physician, Schachzabelbuch (ÖNB 2801, fol. 40v), 1464Construction work, Doctrinale of Alexander of Villedieu (ÖNB 2289, fol. 37v), c. 1465-1470The plague of locusts, c. 1465-1475Detail from Christ Carrying the Cross, 1469Ruben mourns for Jacob by Leonhard von Brixen-Umkreis, c. 1470-1480Detail: a well from St. Catherine at the Wheel by Hans Egkel, c. 1470-1480Christ and the Samaritan, c. 1475-1485St. Florian, c. 1475-1485A wife at a well, Der Renner (PML M.763, fol. 150v), last quarter of the 15th centuryCampagna, Secrets of Natural History (BMF Fr. 22971, fol. 11), c. 1480-1485Detail from St. Elizabeth of Thuringia bathing the lepers, c. 1480-1500Detail from the Kefermarkter Altar, c. 1490-1500Illustration for Horapollo's Hieroglypica by Albrecht Dürer Lime, Jardin de Santé St. Florian, Church of St. Margaret in Mlynica, c. 1500-1510Christ washing the disciples' feet (ÖNB 2752, fol. 71v), c. 1500-1525Job and his Wife by Albrecht Dürer, c. 1502-1504Detail: A smelting-furnace, Roznava Altarpiece, 1513St. Florian, Church of St. George at Spisska Sobota, 1516Detail from The Last Rest of Christ, 1518Detal from The Legend of St. Brigid by Lorenzo Lotto, c. 1523-1524A leather bucket from the Mary Rose, 1545 (see also reconstructed leather bucket and handle detail, and A Mary Rose Leather Bucket); also, a wooden bucket
Ecce Homo by the Brunswick Monogrammist, c. 1545Study of a woman holding a bucket by Alessandro Allori Usages of the astrolabe, 16th centuryA visit to the wet nurse by Marten van Cleve Selling fish at the edge of a canal by Jan Brueghel |