Looking at illustrations of garments turned inside-out can teach us about garment linings and construction. (For now, this list concentrates on the Late Middle Ages, but may be extended as additional examples are found.)
A man's tunic in a base-de-page from a book of hours (BNF Latin 14284, fol. 63), 13th century
A lady's gown in Scenes from the Life of Christ: Entry into Jerusalem , a fresco at the Cappella Scrovegni by Giotto di Bondone, 1304-1306
A man's cloak in Scenes from the Life of St. Martin: The Division of the Cloak , a fresco at the Cappella di San Martino in the Lower Church of San Francesco by Simone Martini, 1312-1317
Various outerwear in The Entry of Christ into Jerusalem , a fresco at the Lower Church of San Francesco by Pietro Lorenzetti, c. 1320
A woman's gown in Susannah's bath , Machaut's Confort d'ami (BNF Fr. 1584, fol. 127v), c. 1372-1377
A woman's gown in A woman's gown in a fresco of the Fountain of Youth at the Castello di Manta
A man's gown in an illustration of a medlar-tree , Tacuinum Sanitatis (BNF Latin 9333, fol. 7v), 15th century
A man's gown in The murder of Agamemnon , De mulieribus claris (BNF Fr. 598, fol. 49v), beginning of the 15th century
A man's gown in Boccaccio and Saul , De casibus (BNF Fr. 232, fol. 37v), second quarter of the 15th century
A man's gown in Agnolella fleeing the brigands from the Decameron (BNF Fr. 239, fol. 148), second quarter of the 15th century
A girl's gown in this illustration from the Decameron (BNF Arsenal 5070, fol. 387), 1432
A man's gown in The murder of Agamemnon from De casibus (BNF Fr. 229, fol. 32v), c. 1435-1440
Men's gowns in St. Ansanus Baptizing by Giovanni di Paolo, 1440s
A man's gown in The murder of Agamemnon , De casibus (BNF Fr. 230, fol. 22), third quarter of the 15th century
A man's outer garment (and a bit of his hose) on the right panel of the St. John Altarpiece by Rogier van der Weyden, 1455-1460
Detail from Ecce Homo by Friedrich Herlin, 1468
The martyrdom of St. Sebastian , The Munich-Montserrat Hours, c. 1535-1540
Thanks to Clare de Crecy for the suggestions on links to add!