For additional resources on this subject, see the HistoricKnit mailing list, the Knitting History Forum, A Preliminary Survey of 16th Century English Literary References to Knitting, and these links.

A related item of interest: a boxwood knitting-sheath/spindle (?) carved in Italy in the 16th century.

• Tiraz, Fatimid Egypt, c. 910-1171
• Cap made from byssus, 14th century; see also this glove, made of the same material, and The Story of "Sea Silk"
Knitting Madonnas
The Virgin is occasionally depicted knitting a garment, thought to represent the seamless garment worn by Christ (John 19:23):
• The Holy Family by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1345
• Detail from Madonna dell'Umilità by Vitale degli Equi, before 1361
• Detail from a polyptich by Tommaso da Modena, before 1375
• Detail from the right wing of the Buxtehude Altar by Bertram von Minden, 1400-1410
• Birth of the Virgin with other Scenes from her Life, c. 1428-1439
• Altarpiece with the Life of the Virgin by Nicolás and Martín Zahortiga, c. 1460
• The Life of the Infant by Hieronymus Wierix, before 1619
• A cap found during restoration work at St. Leonhards-Kirche in Basel, possibly worn by a stonemason, c. 1460
Wool flat caps, 16th century
• Museum of London NN8512, early 16th century
• V&A 1566-1901, found in an old house in Worship street in the city of London, early 16th century
• V&A 741-1904, c. 1500-1550
• Met C.I.41.50, c. 1520
• Cap from the Mary Rose, 1545
• Germanisches Nationalmuseum T3762, also here, here, here, and here, first half of the 16th century
• Met 29.158.482, 16th century
• British Museum 1856,0701.1882, found in Moorsfield area of London, mid-16th century
• Met 29.158.485, 16th century
• V&A 1562&A-1901, 16th century
• Museum of London NN8511, 16th century
• Hats from the ship Gagiana, 1583; see also Recreating the Gagiana Barett - Knitting Pattern For a Barrett or Flat Cap and Islet of Gnalić near Biograd.
Knit ecclesiastical gloves (see also the gloves & mittens linkspage)
• Pair of gloves made for a bishop, made in 16th century Spain, silk and silver strip
• Silk gloves thought to have belonged to Archbishop William Warham (d. 1532)
• Pair of ecclesiastical gloves, c. 1550-1600
• Pair of ecclesiastical gloves made in Spain in the 16th-17th century
Knit secular gloves (see also the gloves & mittens linkspage)
• Child's wool mitten, 16th century (photo)
• A lady's silk gloves, first half of the 17th century
• Gloves from the Gunnister find, late 17th century
Knit hosiery (see also the hose linkspage)
• Men's trunkhose, 16th century; also here and here
• Silk hose of a 16th century Saxon prince
• Sock, c. 1540-1560; imported to England from Italy or Spain
• Stockings of Eleonora de Toledo, 1562
• Silk stockings of the Prince-Elector August von Sachsen, second half of the 16th century
• Machine-knit stockings in silk with gold and silver threads, late 16th or early 17th century
• Early 17th century stockings of knit silk, probably made in Italy; see MFA 43.1939a-b and 43.1940a-b
• A stocking found in Tycho Brahe’s tomb
• Boy's stockings, c. 1600-1620
• Wool hose, 1640s
• Hand-knit stockings, mid-17th century
• Stockings from the Gunnister find (detail), late 17th century
• Monmouth cap, 16th century
• Child's wool vest, 16th century
• Knit wool cap with flaps to cover the neck and ears, made in London (?) in the first half of the 16th century
• Knit garters, made in Italy c. 1575-1600
Ladies' silk jackets, 17th century
• Cleveland 1931.62
• Germanisches Nationalmuseum T2558 (also here)
• Germanisches Nationalmuseum T3170
• Germanisches Nationalmuseum T3638
• Museum für Angewandte Kunst N61
• Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire 1336
• Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire T.2196
• Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire T.1043
• V&A 807-1904
• V&A 106-1899
• An infant's silk and metal-thread vest, 17th century
• Child’s cotton jacket, 17th century
• Knitted silk garters, Italian or Spanish, 17th century
• Wool hat, 17th or 18th century
• The Gunnister find, late 17th century; includes two caps, gloves, a purse, and stockings (detail)

Thanks for the St. Leonard cap, Tracy!