Toponymic Forms
The most frequently seen toponyms have the word "de" and then a place-name. This style of toponym is, of course, more Latin or Spanish than Basque, and may simply indicate in the records that the individual was from the village in question, rather than that the person went by that locative.
The Basque toponymic form uses the suffix -ko after the place-name. This suffix is most frequently spelled in the medieval records as -co, but occasionally also appears as -coa, -quo, or -go. (A list of collected Basque toponyms with the -ko suffix can be provided, but it is lengthy.)
For modern Spanish, French, and Basque spellings of place-names of Basque origin, see "The Whole Basque Place-Name List" (http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/5062/topo2.html).
Topographical Forms
Basque topographical bynames sometimes refer to a general element of topography, sometimes with the suffixes -ko ("of") or -a ("the"):
Miquele Aldaça | 1265 | ARZA | |
aldatz ("valley") + -a suffix | |||
Martin Herana | 1282 | DMCL VII.109 | |
aran ("valley") + -a suffix | |||
Eneco Bazterra | 1204 | ARZA | |
bazter ("corner, edge") + -a suffix | |||
Pero Vazterreco | 1330 | ARZA | |
bazter ("corner, edge") + -ko suffix | |||
Pero Garcia Buçuco | 1366 | ARZA | |
butzu ("well") + -ko suffix | |||
Sancho Lopiz Yturreco | 1366 | CPPN VIII.D.b.286 | |
it(h)urri ("fountain") + -ko suffix | |||
Other topographical bynames combine the topographical element with an adjective:
Petro Arazuri | 1175 | DMCL VII.109 | |
aran ("valley") + zuri ("white") | |||
Garcia Arçamendi | 1085 | DMCL VII.109 | |
artze ("rocky ground") + mendi ("mountain") | |||
Martin Arauidio | 1152 | DCML VII.109 | |
(h)arri ("stone") + bide ("path") | |||
Gregorio Argaiz | 1039 | DMCL VII.109M | |
(h)arri ("stone") + gaitz ("bad") | |||
Iennego Mendoça | 1286 | DMCL VII.112 | |
mendi ("mountain") + otz ("cold") | |||
Gorrochategui and Michelena identify -aga and -eta as locative suffixes as well:
Don Johan Delarraga | 1370 | ARZA | |
Berasco Çuriaga | 1290 | ARZA | |
Ariç Navarieta | 12th century | LMAV 77 | |
Johan Dagorreta | 1402 | ARZA |
Gorrochategui considers botanical names to be topographical. These medieval Basque bynames are sorted by botanical element below:
agin ("yew") | |||
Sancho Aguina | 1284 | ARZA | |
arantza ("thorn") | |||
Onecha Aranca | 1200 | ARZA | |
ardit ("poplar") | |||
Johan Ardit | 1425 | ARZA | |
art(h)e ("oak") | |||
Pedro Artaço | 1246 | DMCL VII.109 | |
baratz(e) ("garden, orchard") | |||
Garcia Barace | 1200 | ARZA | |
Miguel baraçeco | 1258 | JLOV | |
Pero Baraceco | 1360 | ARZA | |
Johan Garcia Erraparaçe | 1366 | ARZA | |
baratzuri ("garlic") | |||
Sancio Baraçuri | 1106 | ARZA | |
Garcia Uaraçuri | 1330 | ARZA | |
Pero Miguel Uaraçuri | 1366 | ARZA | |
Pero Miquel Varacuri | 1366 | ARZA | |
baso ("forest") | |||
Sancio Basoraco | 1072 | ARZA | |
ffurtunius Uassoco | 1099 | ARZA | |
Orti bassauilco | 1258 | JLOV | |
Garcia bassoco | 13th century | JLOV | |
Miquele bassoqo | 1258 | JLOV | |
biku ("fig, fig-tree") | |||
Sancha bicuetaco la coyllaça | 1258 | JLOV | |
Martin Bicuondoco | 1263 | ARZA | |
Sancho Periz Uicuetaquo | 1350 | CPPN VIII.B.30 | |
elar ("thyme") | |||
Garcia Elarr | 1360 | ARZA | |
erro ("root") | |||
Orti Erroco | 1245 | ARZA | |
ezki ("poplar, limetree") | |||
Nicolas Dezquioz | 1401 | ARZA | |
Miguel Ezquiarachuria | 1366 | ARZA | |
ezpel ("boxwood") | |||
Pedro Dezpeleta | 1447 | ARZA | |
fruitu ("fruit") | |||
Miguel Fruyto | 1366 | ARZA | |
ot(h)e ("argoma-bush") | |||
Maria Oteyza | 1330 | CPPN VIII.A | |
sagar ("apple") | |||
Orti Sagarra | 1330 | ARZA | |
sagardi ("apple orchard") | |||
Maria Sagardico | 1366 | ARZA | |
sarri ("thicket") | |||
Maria Sarrico | 13th century | JLOV | |
Pero Sarria | 1330 | CPPN VIII.A | |
ulice ("heather") | |||
Obeko Urcegui | 969 | DMCL VII.112 | |
untz ("ivy") | |||
Orti Unzuquo | 1162 | ARZA | |
zaldu ("grove") | |||
Azeari Zalduetaco | 1195 | JGBN | |
zalke ("pea") | |||
Semeno Çalquea | 1236 | ARZA | |
zu(h)aitz ("tree") | |||
Pedro Martinez de Zuaza | 15th century | JGBN | |